ボイド ジェームズ パトリック Ⅲ   BOYD, James Patrick III   BOYD, James P.    所属   青山学院大学  国際政治経済学部 国際政治学科    職種   准教授
言語種別	英語
発行・発表の年月	2005
形態種別	学術雑誌
査読	査読あり
標題	Nine Lives?: The Politics of Constitutional Reform in Japan
執筆形態	共同
巻・号・頁	pp.1-77
著者・共著者	Richard J. Samuels
概要	This monograph addresses two questions. Why has Article Nine of Japan’s postwar constitution, the famous “peace clause” renouncing the possession and use of force for settling international disputes, survived so long without amendment? And why has the Article Nine issue returned to the political agenda with such force in recent years? To address these questions, we examine evidence from the two strongest revisionist movements in postwar Japanese history: the immediate postwar period (1947–64) and the post-Cold War period (1990–present). Based on these cases, we locate the primary source of Article Nine’s longevity in domestic politics. Specifically, Article Nine has found critical support from a diverse coalition driven by two very different motivations, pragmatism, and pacifism. Pragmatism refers to a particular set of beliefs used to calculate the postwar national interest in exceedingly practical (cost/benefit) terms. Pacifism, by contrast, refers to adherence to the doctrine of state nonviolence. This belief spread as part of an identity movement that redefined postwar Japan as a “peace nation” (heiwa kokka). Although the relative strength of these two forces has varied over the years, each in its own right has been a formidable obstacle to significant change in Article Nine. Despite this long track record—and although revision is by no means a foregone conclusion—the tripartite political dynamic among pacifists, pragmatists, and those who sought to revise Article Nine has recently shifted in ways that make amendment far more likely than ever before. There has been a tremendous rise in revisionist sentiment in the political parties, the Diet, and the public. And, the pragmatist/pacifist coalition has been greatly weakened.